Saturday, December 28, 2019

Mascots An Honor Or An Insult - 1352 Words

Mascots: An honor or an insult? The idea of using Native American names and images in sports has been a topic of public controversy in the United States since the 1960’s. Sports mascots that continue to promote racial, cultural, or bias slurs should be changed so that racial discrimination can be stopped and everyone can be treated equally/fairly. In today’s society, there is no room for racism or stereotypes especially in sports; an activity that is supposed to bring people together to support and celebrate challenges. The use of native names or symbols by native teams is a harmful form of ethnic stereotyping which is at best prejudicial and perhaps even discriminatory, and should be eliminated. In 2005, then NCAA President Myles Brand issued a â€Å"self-evaluation† to 31 colleges to examine their choice of mascots and the potential of offensive imagery. Nineteen of the schools either changed their choice of mascot, or eliminated offensive images; it is an insult to Native American people to those schools with offensive mascots. This research and mainstream support for the elimination of mascots has come after decades of action and protest from Native American groups such as the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) and the National Coalition Against Racism in Sports and Media. So as a result, some schools, colleges, and professional teams are retiring their names, images, etc. and sadly, some are not. Most notable, professional sports teams (i.e ClevelandShow MoreRelatedIndian Mascots Vs. Racial Discrimination1200 Words   |  5 PagesIndian Mascots vs Racial Discrimination Do you feel having Indian mascots for sports teams take part in racial discrimination? In the sports world, representing a Native American is showing honor and respect. In society, communities take it as offensive and racist towards Native Americans. The government recognizes the positive representation of Indians and has given them more rights than state citizens. Considering the history, what it means, and general attitude, Indian mascots should be allowedRead MoreAnalyzing Team Names and Mascots by S. L. Prices Article, The Indian Wars977 Words   |  4 Pagesand mascots used in sports teams in high school, college, and professional levels. The article is written for Sports Illustrated and offers readers an insight into this debate whether indigenous symbols in sports are honoring or insulting in Native Americans. The author addresses this topic with evidence of both sides of the issue, and leaves the reader aware of the topic and its unclear stance in today’s society. T his article examines the controversy of using Native American names and mascots byRead MoreEssay on Native American Mascots Are Racist594 Words   |  3 Pagessport, at every level of competition, have a mascot. It is the mascot that represents the competitive spirit and team identity, motivating players and fans alike. Does the symbol chosen have any impact on whether a team wins or loses? Unlikely. But the choice of a Native American mascot continues to ignite debate and controversy among athletes, fans and alumni, as well as those people who might otherwise be disinterested in sports. Utilizing an Indian mascot is nothing more than a veiled attempt atRead MoreEssay on Sports Mascots Honor the Native American Indian1796 Words   |  8 Pageswitnessed the peak of the protests over the use of mascots with American Indian themes.   With two of the major professional sports teams in question making front-page news across the country, many of us heard American Indians complain ts for the first time.   Suddenly, thanks to the cries of thousands of demonstrators, the names of many Americans favorite teams had become synonymous with nigger.   American Indians believe that the use of these mascots presents a slanderous stereotype of their societyRead More The Debate Regarding the Use of Native American Mascots Essay1353 Words   |  6 Pagescompetition, have a mascot. It is the mascot that represents the competitive spirit and team identity, motivating players and fans alike. Does the symbol chosen as a mascot have any impact on whether a team wins or loses? Unlikely. But the choice of a Native American mascot continues to ignite debate and controversy among athletes, fans and alumni, as well as those people who might otherwise be disinterested in sports. Why all the controversy? The dispute over whether Native American mascots should beRead MoreThe Chicago Blackhawks, Washington Redskins, Cleveland1379 Words   |  6 Pagesthat use Native American culture to represent them through the means of tribe names, logos, and mascots. These teams have received a lot of media attention around the debate on if the representation of Native Americans is offensive or not. Controversy surrounding Native American mascots first came into the public eye during the 1960s Native American Civil Rights movement, where the use of these mascots was criticized for being insulting. However, the people who conceived these teams did not acknowledgeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film Blaxploitation Films And Chappelle s Show 1633 Words   |  7 Pagesfilms† in which African American’s society was shown through raunchy and low budget films. Sports teams, colleges, and public schools have turned Native Americans into an irresponsible excuse of a mascot the can offend and can b e considered disrespectful by those in their society while being called an honor by those who use it. In some cases though, it can be seen that when members of the respective societies that are being depicted within the media are allowed to have some creative decision with itRead MoreHow Did Walt Disney Create Mickey Mouse2914 Words   |  12 Pagesthe more mischievous and adventurous sides of his personality, beginning with the video game Epic Mickey. Mickey was first seen in a test screening of the cartoon short Plane Crazy, on May 15, 1928, but it failed to impress the audience and to add insult to injury, Walt could not find a distributor. Though understandably disappointed, Walt went on to produce a second Mickey short, The Gallopin Gaucho, which was also not released for lack of a distributor. Steamboat Willie was first released on NovemberRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 PagesAirlines Mileage Plus, American Airlines Advantage, and British Air ways Frequent Traveler programs) are now being adapted by a host of brands in a variety of product classes, including books (Waldenbooks Preferred Reader), hotels (Hilton Senior Honors Frequent Traveler Program), fast food (Burger King Frequent Customers Club), parking (Park-n-Fly Reward) and even cars. The GM MasterCard, launched in 1992, provides customers with a rebate on the purchase of a GM car or truck (excluding Saturn) equal

Friday, December 20, 2019

Analysis Of The Movie Summer Break Essay - 2281 Words

Summer Break Following a ten-hour overnight journey from Manila, Daniel disembarked from the train at Naga station. As he stumbled to the platform with a heavy leg, carrying a suitcase and a knapsack, the sun pierced his bloodshot eyes beneath his long dark hair. And a cool morning blew into his face. His heart throbbed, but clueless what was in store for him this summer. After a quick dog walk, he hurried up to a calesa waiting for passengers. The driver whisked the horse, and the wheels of the carriage wriggled to a rutted road much narrower than he remembered. For four straight semesters and two summer terms, he took a full load of classes, subsisting on milk and ramen noodles. An austere life transformed him into a lean, but tall, young man with a calm demeanor, serious, unassuming, and spirited. His long absence, though, made him a stranger in his hometown. While he recollected the street names and faces of his classmates, images of speeding cars in Manila juxtaposed before the trotting ener vated horse. He surveyed the houses along the streets washed-out over the years. Galvanized roofing, lashed by successive typhoons, rusted and bent. None of these houses underwent any facelift. Upon arriving, he stepped out of the calesa and navigated the potholes. His family had moved to a bigger house than the one across the street. The mango tree he used to climb had grown huge, dressed with shimmering leaves. This foreshadowed a hot, humid afternoon, and warm evening. ThatShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie Summer Break Essay2289 Words   |  10 PagesSummer Break Daniel disembarked from the train at Naga station, following a ten-hour overnight journey from Manila. As he stumbled to the platform with a heavy leg, carrying his suitcase and a knapsack, the sun pierced his bloodshot eyes beneath his long dark hair. A cool morning welcomed him as his heart throbbed, but clueless what was in store for him this summer break. After a quick dog walk, he hurried up to a calesa waiting for passengers. The driver whisked the horse, and the wheels of theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of How Of Read Literature Like A Professor By Thomas C. Foster1089 Words   |  5 PagesEhren Lewis Mrs. Mary Smith Ap literature 20 September 2017 Analysis of Symbolism in†How to Read Literature Like a Professor† â€Å"How to read Literature like a Professor† by Thomas C. Foster is a very helpful book that goes over multiple literary strategies on how to read literature like a professor or someone with his literary skill. . With all of these literary strategies, symbolism is one that recurs frequently the throughout the entire book. Foster’s use of different techniques of symbolismRead MoreSpike Lee: Do the Right Thing Essay1011 Words   |  5 PagesJames Callahan COM 2010 4-22-11 Midterm Analysis Revise Cinematography helps Spike Lee to Do the Right Thing In Spike Lee’s film Do the Right Thing, we dive head first into a world of racial and social ills. The movie is set in the African American and Puerto Rican neighborhood of Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, on the hottest day of the year. We follow a young man named Mookie, who lives with his sister Jade, and works as a pizza delivery guy for a local pizzeria owed by Sal. Sal’s â€Å"WallRead MoreThe Cabin Of The Woods985 Words   |  4 Pages‘The Cabin in The Woods’ has been hailed as one of the greatest movie in its genre. Its simplicity can be analysed in various way. As a media student I want to focus more on its critical analysis side rather than simply explanation as an amateur viewer. I have chosen this media text as horror genre in my opinion is worth to look at and I am familiar with it. Horror movies are being produced for decades and its already has its own conventions and codes that I will describe in this essay. ‘TheRead MoreFilm Analysis : The Notebook Essay1109 Words   |  5 PagesFilm Analysis Throughout the movie, The Notebook, there were many different aspects that corresponded with the material learned throughout the semester. There were times were you were able to pin point why each problem was faced based on different character backgrounds. As began to watch the movie, you start to understand the culture aspects of each individual by the way they talk and present themselves, which caused many situations to arise. Also, these many situations arise throughout the movieRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Of Kill A Mockingbird 1271 Words   |  6 PagesJourney Tasopulos Brannen ELA-8 19 April, 2015 Novel Analysis: To Kill A Mockingbird Selection: I selected this book because its the best book I have ever read. I read To Kill A Mockingbird last year and my class wrote an essay about this book, since I already know so much about this book I thought it would be a nice and quick read. I thought it would be a great enjoyment to refresh my memory of this epic book. I watched the movie soon after I read the whole book and it was very fun to pick outRead MoreEssay about Developing My Critical Thinking Skills997 Words   |  4 Pagesfor exams and ended up in a bad place part-way through the semester. Thats when you offered an extra-credit assignment that required an analysis on Do The Right Thing. This e-mail is to express my deep gratitude for giving me any credit at all. I recently revisited the movie-- and my analysis -- and it was actually appalling at how poorly developed my analysis was. Instead of analyzing why Spike Lee would portray his characters in a specific way, I decided to analyze why I didnt like them, neglectingRead MoreKoe No Katachi Film Analysis1611 Words   |  7 PagesEmpathetic Suicide: An Analysis of Koe no Katachi Naoko Yamada, the director of the highly rated animated movie Koe no Katachi, takes the viewer on a heartbreaking ride of emotions and reveals a much darker theme than apparent at first sight. This movie encompasses and follows the cinematic rhetoric of a drama through its many similarities to the normal conventions. Some of the many parallels include the use of unexpected life situations, an emotionally demanding plot, and deep character developmentRead MoreAnalysis of I Know What You Did Last Summer Essays748 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of I Know What You Did Last Summer I Know What You Did Last Summer directed by Jim Gillespie. The film; based on four high school graduates. A crazy night of fun turns to fright as the fearful four knock down a passing figure. In a moment of despair the group decide to dump the body in a near by lake. The four then head off on their travels to collage work, when a year later is reunited back home for summer break. The four all begin receiving threats statingRead MoreThe Lovers, By Rachel Mcadams And Ryan Gosling1275 Words   |  6 Pages also known as Duke. As young people, these characters are played by Rachel McAdams and Ryan Gosling. These actors portray first loves and heartbreak that tugs on your heartstrings beautifully just wanting and waiting for more. Starting off the movie with a beautiful scene looking across a sunrise-filled lake, which it gives off a comfortable, warm feeling to the viewers at home or in the theater. Then it pans out to an elder Noah Calhoun (played by James Garner) taking his daily medicine in a

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Cloud Computing Services to Dunedin-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Propose a Mobile based Cloud Computing Services to Dunedin Hospital (Radiology Department). You should propose them two different providers. One should be Cost-effective and other should be High-end provider. Answer: Cloud Service Providers for Dunedin Hospital Heroku There are different cloud delivery models that are present comprising of Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). Heroku is a cloud platform that provides the organization with the Platform as a Service (PaaS) model of cloud for building, delivering, monitoring and scaling the cloud applications. The cloud-based services for Dunedin Hospital can be designed using this platform. The platform makes use of managed container system along with the use of integrated data services and a very strong ecosystem for the deployment and execution of the applications. The developer experience that is associated with Heroku is app-focused for the tasks of delivery of the software and it also provides integration with the popular development applications of the present times. The cloud services associated with the hospital will be possible to be executed in the dynos which are smart containers based on the reliable application runtime. The developers can deploy the codes in different languages, such as Ruby, Python, Java, PHP and many more (Devcenter, 2017). The cloud services of the hospital will be easy to ex ecute as an outcome. The language and system stacks that are associated with this cloud service provider are always monitored and evaluated with ease. These are also upgraded regularly. Manual intervention will also not be required in this case. The cloud platform provides the developers with an opportunity to focus on the delivery services without worrying about the cloud infrastructure in this case. There are popular tools like GitHub which can be used for the purpose of application integration. The dashboard present in the cloud platform enhances the visibility and performance of the application. There are many add-ons that are also present in this cloud platform which can be used by the hospital as per their requirements (Capterra, 2017). These add-ons are the third party services which can be immediately extended to enhance the functionality of the cloud services. Operational experience that is provided by this cloud platform is one of its distinguishing characteristics. The ta sk of troubleshooting can be performed with ease to avoid the defects and bugs associated with any of the cloud based service. In case of enhanced response or throughput time or any other defect, there are alerts that can be launched for scaling up the application and services. Auto-scaling is one of the unique features provided by this cloud platform. All of these features will make sure that the needs and requirements of the Dunedin hospital are met. List of Advantages Heroku will provide many advantages to Dunedin Hospital which are as listed and described below. The first and the foremost advantage is that the platform is open source in nature and there is no cost that will be required to be spent in this regard. Application runtime and all of the associated operations will be completely handled by Heroku and the hospital will not be required to bother about load balancing, logging, configuration tasks etc. Scalability and flexibility are the two elements that will come handy with this platform and it will provide the hospital with the ability to scale up and scale down the application as per the requirements. PostgreSQL is integrated in this platform for the management and organization of the data and information sets along with the execution of the data related operations (Heroku, 2017). There is a built-in monitoring feature that is present in the platform which will allow easy tracking and monitoring of the application metrics. There is also a feature of easy code and database roll back that is present which would allow the data handling to be easily done. System and language stacks will be continually monitored in the application using smart containers. There are also additional add-ons that come along with the platform, such as MongoDB, Treasure Data and many more. Set of Disadvantages There are also a number of disadvantages that are associated with Heroku for Dunedin Hospital cloud services. Live-support of the application is not very strong which may lead to certain performance issues. In case of Dunedin hospital, performance is one of the prime necessities of cloud based services because of the application and service domain that are required to be provided. There is also no option to enhance the CPU performance or RAM storage in this case. There is a single point of failure that is present in this platform that can have a direct impact on availability and continuity in case of a security attack. There are limited security options that are available in this case. This may lead to the execution of a number of security risks and attacks as a result. AWS Cloud Platform Amazon Web Service (AWS) is one of the most popular cloud service provider in the present times. It is a market giant owing to the excellent services and customer support that is provides. There are a broad range of cloud services that are provided by AWS. These services and products that are provided by AWS include computing services, storage and database solutions, analytical tools and application, networking services, mobile solutions, developer tools, management applications, IoT applications, security solutions along with enterprise applications. The services that are offered by AWS will allow the hospital to operate the cloud services in a faster manner at lower costs with enhanced scalability. The cloud provider is trusted by many of the large market giants and a number of other organizations in the market owing to its features and benefits. There are a large number workloads that are made enabled with AWS that comprise of web and mobile-based applications, data warehousing applications and many more. AWS Management Console is present with all the cloud-based services provided by the cloud platform that keeps track of all the resources that are involved. It prov ides a simple interface for the execution of cloud based tasks and activities (Awsstatic, 2017). The AWS cloud services can be managed by making use of the AWS Command Line Interface (CLI). It is a unified tool for easier management of the tasks. Multiple tasks and activities can be easily handled by using the command line and automated scripts as well. It is just a matter of seconds that are required for the execution of cloud services with the aid of AWS. There are web service APIs that are involved which make it easier and automatic to scale up or scale down the services and application. There is a complete control of the services as well as the instances that are involved. There is root access that is provided in this case that allows easier interaction and communication. The data management along with rebooting tasks can also be executed with much ease (Varia Mathew, 2014). There are several advantages that will be offered by AWS to Dunedin Hospital. Also, there are a few points that shall be addressed carefully. List of Advantages Existing and new SaaS application can be easy designed and used with the aid of AWS services. There is management console and high quality documentation that is available for the purpose. This will allow the hospital to easily execute the health services and applications. The customer base of AWS comprises of millions of customers and the customer feedback and rating is also positive. As a result, the services that are offered can be trusted to be reliable in nature. There is flexible option provided to select the programming language, desired operating system, database, web application platform and likewise. The application can therefore be designed as per the specification of Dunedin Hospital (Aws, 2017). There are enhanced security options that are provided and included by AWS. This makes sure that the frequency of the security risks and attacks is very low. There are different options that are provided in terms of simple mobile backend, serverless backend for mobile applications, secure enterprise applications and likewise. Set of Disadvantages There are a few disadvantages that are associated with AWS services in association with Dunedin Hospital. There are multiple pricing models that are associated with AWS that vary on the basis of the type of services that are used. In this case, there may be a few hidden costs that may come up. Enterprise-grade support does not come by default. It needs to be added as an additional utility. This may scale up the costs associated with the cloud services. There have been a few high profile outages in the past. This may bring down the customer engagement and satisfaction. Heroku AWS Comparison The primary cloud based services that will be provided by Dunedin Hospital with the aid of any of the two cloud platforms with include health monitoring services, information management, diagnosis and treatment decision making and many more. The table that has been depicted below provides a comparison between the two platforms on the basis of different parameters. It will make it easier to decide upon the correct choice for the cloud platform to be selected for the hospital. Parameter Heroku AWS Price The cloud platform is open source in nature There is an average of USD 28 that is necessary to be spent on the service. Owner Salesforce is the owner and provider of these services Amazon is the provider and owner of these services Service Type PaaS IaaS, PaaS Key Features The application runtime is completely manageable in this case Horizontal Vertical Scaling GitHub Integration along with the integration of other popular applications and tools. On-board app monitoring is enabled with this cloud provider. Database roll-back Adaptive load balancing is one of the prime features that is provided by this cloud provider. There are a lot many deployment and development options that are associated with this cloud provider. Automatic scaling Quick restart of app functions Full control over application Other Considerations Cloud based services and applications are often exposed to security risks and attacks. With the combination of cloud technologies and mobile technologies, the number and types of such risks further increase. There can be numerous security risks that may take place, such as man in the middle attacks, information breaching and leakage, denial of service attacks, phishing attacks, eavesdropping attacks, malware attacks etc. These attacks can have threat agents as mobile devices, networks, users, databases and many more (Malik Chaturvedi, 2013). The impact of these attacks can be extremely adverse on the information confidentiality, privacy, integrity and availability. Dunedin Hospital will need the cloud services for providing health services to the patients and to assist the medical team in the diagnosis and treatment procedures. In case of exposure of this information to the unauthorized entities, the impact can be extremely severe. Also, unavailability of the application will also have serious impacts (Shahzad Hussain, 2013). Recommendations The cloud technologies that have been suggested above have their own set of advantages and disadvantages. However, the one that is recommended for Dunedin Hospital is AWS cloud services. It is because of the reason that the cloud based services of Dunedin Hospital will have a lot many users. It would also be necessary to make sure that the availability of the application is never compromised. The occurrence of security risks and attacks in the application may have legal obligations as well. AWS mobile offers the qualities of scalability, reliability, performance, availability and security. The application cost can be easily managed by the hospital owners. Security is one of the primary points of concern for the cloud-based services. In case of Dunedin hospital, the executives must make sure that the application security is never compromised. In order to do so, it would be essential to follow an amalgamation of technical, physical and administrative security controls (Ahuja Zambrano, 2016). Network security shall also be enhanced with the use of anti-denial tools, anti-malware tools and network based intrusion detection systems. Dunedin hospital cloud based services shall also be marketed and promoted adequately so that the users come to know about the new initiative taken up by the hospital owners. Social media platforms shall be used for this purpose so that more number of users get to known about the application, launch date, set of features and specifications. References Ahuja, S., Zambrano, J. (2016). Mobile Cloud Computing: Offloading Mobile Processing to the Cloud. Computer And Information Science, 9(1), 90. https://dx.doi.org/10.5539/cis.v9n1p90 Aws. (2017). AWS Mobile The Fastest Way to Build Mobile Apps. Amazon Web Services, Inc.. Retrieved 12 November 2017, from https://aws.amazon.com/mobile/ Awsstatic. (2017). Overview of Amazon Web Services. D0.awsstatic.com. Retrieved 12 November 2017, from https://d0.awsstatic.com/whitepapers/aws-overview.pdf Capterra. (2017). Heroku Reviews and Pricing - 2017. Capterra.com. Retrieved 12 November 2017, from https://www.capterra.com/p/158191/Heroku/ Devcenter. (2017). How Heroku Works | Heroku Dev Center. Devcenter.heroku.com. Retrieved 12 November 2017, from https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/how-heroku-works Heroku. (2017). The Heroku Platform as a Service Data Services | Heroku. Heroku.com. Retrieved 12 November 2017, from https://www.heroku.com/platform Malik, S., Chaturvedi, M. (2013). Privacy and Security in Mobile Cloud Computing: Review. International Journal Of Computer Applications, 80(11), 20-26. https://dx.doi.org/10.5120/13906-1833 Shahzad, A., Hussain, M. (2013). Security Issues and Challenges of Mobile Cloud Computing. International Journal Of Grid And Distributed Computing, 6(6), 37-50. https://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijgdc.2013.6.6.04 Soares, M., Vrancken, J., Verbraeck, A. (2011). User requirements modeling and analysis of software-intensive systems. Journal Of Systems And Software, 84(2), 328-339. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2010.10.020 Varia, J., Mathew, S. (2014). Overview of Amazon Web Services. Media.amazonwebservices.com. Retrieved 12 November 2017, from https://media.amazonwebservices.com/AWS_Overview.pdf

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Effective Leadership - Decision Making &Ethical Management- Free Sample

Question: Task Effective leadership, decision making and ethical management are linked both in theory and in practice.How may leaders ensure organisational decisions are made ethically? Answer: Introduction: Leadership is a relationship dynamic in nature. It is based on mutual interest between the leaders and the associate in which both their contribution are able to develop and motivate others to achieve an objective. The importance of a business leadership is well in demand in any organization. The emergence of an effective leader is necessary because a good leader can make a weak plan successful but a poor leader can ruin the chances of the best laid plans. Hack Johnson (2000) trusted that an effective leader well balances and mobilizes the organizations resources to towards achieving the goal of a common objective. This is the reason why effective leadership development program at different levels across the organization can help to augment the best results. The most important and reliable effective leadership programs must include the hiring strategies, employee development and career planning. (Thompson, 2010) Effective leaders have the ability to design decision making within an organizational environment thereby improving the performance as a whole. A strong decision making characteristic is a major component for the success of an organization and Leadership Decision Making program is much needed to enable the leaders to learn the optimal decision making techniques, the methods of communicating in a risk effective way and how to combat the emotional and intellectual stumbling blocks that can force experienced leaders to commit mistakes. Harvard Kennedy School organizes such Leadership Decision Making programs to enhance the decision making skill of the leaders. To be an effective leader it is not only necessary to have a sound decision making skill but also have a ethical string attached to it. Thus we define ethics. (Exed.hks.harvard.edu, 2015). Ethics are the values and beliefs that help an individual to distinguish between right and wrong behavior. So basically ethical leadership can be defined as the process of influencing and guiding a subordinate to make correct choice based on values, beliefs and principle. Thus the three key words of management are effective leadership, decision making and ethical management. We would try to establish a link among them. Concept theories: Effective Leadership: And effective leader plays the role of transforming potentiality into reality. The leaders are the key factor in the success of an organization. They have the power to propose, mould or re-mould new archetype when the old ones lose their importance and effectiveness. Over a time span, a number of theories of leadership have been formulated (Leadership Theories, 2015) Trait Theory/Great Man- People are born with traits and that the combination of right set of traits make an effective leader. This theory assumes that based on intelligence, perseverance and ambition a leader is characterized superior to any ordinary individual. Some traits includes adaptable to situations, energetic, cooperative, decisive, persistent, creative, organized, dependable, dominant etc. that make a leader. Behavioral Theory- this theory assumes that individuals are not born with certain traits that make them leaders. Leaders are formed based on what leaders do. An individual with definable and learnable ability can be made into a leader. Behavioral theory exhibit two types of leader. The one that is concerned for the people and other that is concerned for production. Participative Leadership- An autocratic decision by the leader may not be an effective one. Involvement in decision making to come to better decisions is the role of an participative leader. He seeks the involvement of his subordinates, seniors and other stakeholders for decision making. Situational Leadership-Leadership skill is best exercised when he considers a range of situational factors. This theory emphasizes on the behavior of the leaders based on the given situational factors. Tannebaum and Schmidt (1958) established three forces of a leaders course of actions: The forces in the situation The forces in the follower The forces in the leader Contingency Leadership- This theory assumes a broader concept of the capability of the leader based on contingent factors and other situational variables. Transactional Theory- A dynamic process where leaders allocate work among the subordinates by engaging them in reciprocal activity exchange regime. Individuals are motivated when rewards, recognitions and punishments are incorporated. So it is the duty of transactional leader to set clear structures of work requirement to his subordinates. Transformational Theory- According to MAcGregor Burns, Transformational leaders are able to encourage the followers to change perception, expectations and motivations to take common objective to a higher level of moral (Cherry, 2015) Decision making: Decision Making can be examined as an individual as well as collective process. The role of values is significant in setting the criteria for decision making. The five categories of value that are like a guide to the decision maker are: Organizational values influence the decision maker to collectively promote interests of the organization. For instance, uniforms set by the military force or police instill in their minds that they are there for a common objective and this builds an organizational value among the workers. On the other hand the Professional values help to shape the behavior of the decision maker. Like doctors, teachers, lawyers acquire professional training, education and work experience to epitomize professional norms or values. Decision maker must work keeping in mind the interest of the public and their beliefs so they are able to perceive what is correct, proper, necessary and ethical. Thus a decision maker must work in accordance with these policy beliefs. Lastly, it is necessary for a decision maker to rationalize a action based on required ideology. For instance, Nationalism was an ideology in formulating many leaders behavior. Theories of decision making include: The Rationale Comprehensive Model: The theory assumes that a leader must recognize the problem and set distinct and clear goals, vision objective and accordingly rank based on importance. The Incremental Theory- the Rationale behind this theory is that the decision makers selection of goals and objectives is interweaved with respect to the scientific analysis. Decision makers utilizes alternative dealing to a problem which differs incrementally form the existing policies. Mixed Scanning- Sociologist Amitai Etzioni modified both the above theories into a theory of Mixed scanning. This theory considers both the approaches of the fundamental and incremental decisions. (https://www.unc.edu/, 2015) Ethical Management The management tool that establishes governance either in terms of corporate or public administration is Ethic Management. It is the study of behavior of employees and employers in the corporate world as well as in public administration. This study of behavior also focuses not only in the real world but also in the cyber world. An employee may be polite and decent in the real world while addressing his superior. But this very person may send mails using unethical languages. (Anbalagan, 2015) Theoretical Linkage Between Effective Leadership, Decision Making And Ethics The linkage between Leadership, Decision making and ethics needs to go through a series of compass points. A leader is said to be effective when his articulation that ethic is the priority is clear. An effective leader must communicate the practice of ethical decision making and to support ethical programs. The four tools for Ethical Leadership considering proper decision making are: Demonstration of priority of Ethics- It is necessary for a transactional leader to consult with his subordinate to reach a ethical decision. The leader must ensure discussion of ethical concern and instill in their minds that ethic is most important. Communicate clear expectation for ethical practice- Identification regarding the clarification of expectation is needed here. Leaders must be explicit during explaining the underlying values and also consider the barriers to expectations. Practice ethical decision making- The most important aspect of an ethical and effective leader is to ensure that the decision made must abide by ethical reasoning. It is important for the leaders to identify, address and explain ethical decision systematically. Support local ethics program- An ethical leader must support the cause of an ethics programs. He must encourage participation by others in such programs. Leaders play an important role in creating, changing and sustaining in the organizations culture by their behavior, ethical reasoning, ethical decision making and effective leadership skill. All leaders must exercise such behavior which helps in altering an ethical environment within an organization and its culture. It is then he is called a transformational leader. Thus, based on theories it is evident that there is a strong correlation between how an effective leader makes decision based on ethical reasoning. (Fox, Crigger, Bottrell Bauck, 2015) We now try to focus on the practicality of the association of the three key factors of management. Howard Schultz is popularly known as the chairman and CEO of Starbucks. Schultz came up with an effective, idealistic and practical big idea that would enable the US citizen to lend money to small businesses. Schultzs movement always focused on the jobs emergency. He had this idea that small businesses could create job opportunity in the economy but most of these small businessmen lacked proper credit to hire due to financial crisis. He then thought about the microlending programs initiated by Starbucks in some of the countries where it bought coffee. Schultz, then took advantage of the downright strength of Starbucks and nearly 7,000 Starbucks store in the United States and around ten million customers were involved in this program of what Schultz called Americans Helping Americans. The idea taken up by Schultz was that concoct with financial institutions who would loan out to small businesses. In this the customers would donate $5 or more and get a red-white-and-blue- wristband labeled Indivisible. Soon Starbucks associated with Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs). CDFIs are non profit and they loan at extremely low rates. Mark Pinskys organization, Opportunity Finance Network, plays the role of an umbrella group to both of them. This organization specializes in extending credit, getting paid back and paying back investors. The donations that would create Jobs for USA will not be loaned to the CDFIs, rather they will be turned into capital. Schultz is of the view that he would try and convince some national retail chains to get involved on this effort so that what governments and banks are unable to perform, it is they who can extend a helping hand. (NOCERA, 2011) Taking up the story of Andrea Jung gives us a vivid knowledge of how leaders are born and transformed. Andrea is the CEO of Avon Products. Avon is one of the top beauty direct seller in the world and is the largest micro-lenders who lend credit to several numerous sales representatives globally. (Avoncompany.com, 2015) Andrea Jung was one of those women who quit her job from Neiman-Marcus without any other job. She then joined Avon products and becoming a CEO changed the structure of the companys vision. The company, Avon which focused on selling beauty products was not just the vision anymore, Jung made sure that the mission should focus on women empowerment. Avon had gone from 1.5 million to 5.5 million increased in workforce and was successful in acquiring economic independence through their own efforts. Avon Foundation for Women raised and were rewarded $1billion to reinforce health and empowerment issues, this made it the largest women oriented corporate benevolence around the w orld. (Lublin, 2014) This poses a practical approach to how effectively leaders of reputed organizations are able to make ethical decision. Their decision and effort not only benefited the organization but also augmented the states of the economy. How may leaders ensure organizational decision are made ethically? Ethical decision making is a four way process comprising of several stages to attaining a proper decision. It describes in the first stage to identify the moral issue by any moral agent. Secondly, he must make a moral judgment about the issue and undertake moral concerns and lastly it s necessary to act morally based on the issue. Trevino (1986,1992) proposed that ethical decision making is the interaction between situational factors and individuals. Ethical issues are equivocal and can be interpreted in more than one ways. Its interpretation depends on the way an effective leader is able to find an ethical approach in solving. Abercrombie Fitch Stores Inc.,an organization in US has set had refused to hire an Muslim women Samantha Elauf because she wore a hijab to the interview. Is this ethical or not? (Anbalagan, 2015) Now the answer to this dilemma lies within the Washington State Human Rights Commission, Guide To Dress Codes. Here the employee and the employer must take part in an interactive decision making process and find a reasonable accommodation that would not neglect the religious belief of the Muslim employee. RCW 49.60 and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibit discrimination in employment based on religion or creed. An exemption from uniform is granted for persons having religious dressing beliefs (Washington Human Right Commission, 2015) The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) has instigated the US Supreme Court to review the allegation that the organizations hire refusal has constituted religious discrimination. The EEOC alleged that Abercrombie had violated Title VII of Civil Rights Act of 1964 but the Tenth Circuit later reversed the decision. (The case is Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Abercrombie Fitch Stores Inc., 2014) Conclusion: The key to effective and successful leadership lies in a combination of few steps. But the most invigorating steps to an effective leadership is the making a wise and ethical decision based on cognitive ability, insight, adequate understanding of the limits of his knowledge, learnable ability, concern for the employees, posses real world effective skill and appropriate organization values. (McKenna Rooney, 2009). The leader must model out a way keeping in view the business ethics. Inspire a shared vision by playing the role of a transactional leader and involve all his subordinates to achieve a common goal. He must also challenge the process of decision making based on the values, principles and objectives. A leader must enable others to act behaving like a transformational leader with either a fundamental or incremental decision making approach. It is also the Duty of a leader to ensure that each and every employee get the opportunity to voice their opinion and leader must encourage his subordinates to act in accordance with the contingent as well as the situational factors. In short, the linkage between the effective leadership, decision making and the ethical management plays the role of life and success of organizations. These three key factors of an organization and build a better of the organization on one hand and on the other hand these very three factors can ruin the prospects of ax expanding and growing organization. Thus there is need of an effective leader with ethical sense of decision making. (Pasternak, 2015) ('INDEX to MEDICAL DECISION MAKING', 2004) References Anbalagan, T. (2015).Meaning of Ethics Management.Academia.edu. Retrieved 5 February 2015, from https://www.academia.edu/4152189/Meaning_of_Ethics_Management Cherry, K. (2015).How Do Transformational Leaders Inspire?.About.com Education. Retrieved 5 February 2015, from https://psychology.about.com/od/leadership/a/transformational.htm Ethical Leadership Factsheet. (2015). Retrieved 5 February 2015, from https://www.uvm.edu/extension/community/buildingcapacity/pdfs/ethical_leadership_factsheet.pdf Exed.hks.harvard.edu,. (2015).HKS Executive Education. 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